When it comes to assembling Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), two widely used methods for inserting components are the Through-Hole Technology (THT) Line and the Selective Automatic Insertion (AI) Line. Both play crucial roles in the electronics manufacturing industry, but they differ significantly in process, speed, precision, and application.
1. THT (Through-Hole Technology) Line
Process
THT involves inserting electronic components with long leads through pre-drilled holes in a PCB. These leads are then soldered to secure the component in place, either manually or using automated soldering methods.
Component Types
THT is mainly used for components that require strong mechanical bonding and high power handling, such as:
Resistors
Capacitors
Diodes
Integrated Circuits (ICs) with leads
Insertion Method
Manual Insertion: Suitable for low-volume or complex boards requiring human intervention.
Automatic Insertion Machines: Used in high-volume production to improve efficiency.
Soldering Method
Wave Soldering: A bulk soldering process where the PCB passes over a wave of molten solder to create secure joints.
Hand Soldering: Used for small-scale production or intricate assemblies.
Advantages
Strong mechanical bonding, making it ideal for high-stress environments. Better suited for high-power components that need secure connections.Disadvantages
Slower process compared to Surface Mount Technology (SMT). Requires more space on the PCB, making miniaturization difficult.2. Selective AI (Automatic Insertion) Line
Process
Selective AI is a specialized version of the THT process where robotic machines selectively insert through-hole components onto the PCB. This method enhances precision and efficiency, making it ideal for mass production.
Component Types
Selective AI mainly handles radial and axial components, such as:
Resistors
Capacitors
Small inductors
Insertion Method
Fully Automated: Uses robotic arms to place components with high accuracy and speed.
Selective Soldering Method
Selective Soldering: Solder is applied only to specific areas where through-hole components are present, reducing solder waste and improving quality.
Manual Soldering: Used for special components that cannot be soldered by machines.
Advantages
Faster than manual THT insertion, increasing production efficiency. More precise, reducing human error and improving consistency. Ideal for high-volume manufacturing with repeatable accuracy.Disadvantages
Limited to certain types of through-hole components (mainly radial and axial parts). Higher initial setup costs due to advanced machinery.Key Differences: THT vs. Selective AI Line
+-------------------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| Feature | THT Line | Selective AI Line |
+-------------------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| Insertion Method | Manual or Automatic | Fully Automated |
| Speed | Slower | Faster |
| Component Types | All THT components | Mostly radial & axial |
| Soldering | Wave soldering or manual| Selective wave soldering |
| Precision | Dependent on human skill| Highly precise (robotic) |
| Cost | Lower setup cost | Higher initial investment|
+-------------------+------------------------+--------------------------+
Which One Should You Choose?
GTSMT Offers Complete Selective Soldering or through-hole technology solutions
If your production volume is high and requires speed and precision, Selective AI Line is the best choice. However, for low-volume, mixed-component, or high-power applications, a THT Line offers more flexibility.
For businesses looking to optimize their PCB assembly process, understanding these differences is crucial. The right choice depends on the specific requirements of your project, including budget, component types, and production scale.